Abstract
Abstract A Bi–W–Mo–O thin-film materials library was fabricated by combinatorial reactive magnetron sputtering. The composition spread was investigated using high-throughput methods to determine crystalline phases, composition, morphology, optical properties, and photoelectrochemical performance. The aurivillius phase (Bi2O2)2+ (BiM(W1−NMoN)M−1O3M+1)2− is the predominantly observed crystal structure, indicating that the thin films in the library are solid solutions. With increasing amounts of Mo ≙ 7–22% the diffraction peak at 2θ = 28° ≙ [131] shifts due to lattice distortion, the photoelectrochemical activity is increasing up to a wavelength of 460 nm with an incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) of 4.5%, and the bandgap decreases. A maximum photocurrent density of 31 μA/cm2 was measured for Bi31W62Mo7Oz at a bias potential of 1.23 V vs. RHE (0.1 M Na2SO4).
Highlights
A Bi–W–Mo–O thin-film materials library was fabricated by combinatorial reactive magnetron sputtering
We aim to combine the properties of both material systems by fabricating Bi–W–Mo–O compositions-spread materials libraries (MLs) which are subsequently systematically analysed by high-throughput methods [15, 16] with respect to the effects of Mo addition to the Bi–W–O system and its suitability for PEC applications, aiming to reveal correlations of composition, crystal structure and microstructure on the photoelectrochemical properties (PEC) as well as the influence on the bandgap
Since Bi2WO6 exhibits the higher photocurrent of the two base compounds [13], the ML was designed such that it included Bi2WO6 for comparison
Summary
A Bi–W–Mo–O thin-film materials library was fabricated by combinatorial reactive magnetron sputtering. The materials should be non-toxic, abundant, low cost, and stable [4] Due to these requirements, it is challenging to discover suitable semiconductors as photoabsorbers which, in combination with adapted electrocatalysts, exhibit a high conversion of incident photons to electrons for product formation. We aim to combine the properties of both material systems by fabricating Bi–W–Mo–O compositions-spread materials libraries (MLs) which are subsequently systematically analysed by high-throughput methods [15, 16] with respect to the effects of Mo addition to the Bi–W–O system and its suitability for PEC applications, aiming to reveal correlations of composition, crystal structure and microstructure on the photoelectrochemical properties (PEC) as well as the influence on the bandgap
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