Abstract
Stereoscopic displays present different images to the two eyes and thereby create a compelling three-dimensional (3D) sensation. They are being developed for numerous applications including cinema, television, virtual prototyping, and medical imaging. However, stereoscopic displays cause perceptual distortions, performance decrements, and visual fatigue. These problems occur because some of the presented depth cues (i.e., perspective and binocular disparity) specify the intended 3D scene while focus cues (blur and accommodation) specify the fixed distance of the display itself. We have developed a stereoscopic display that circumvents these problems. It consists of a fast switchable lens synchronized to the display such that focus cues are nearly correct. The system has great potential for both basic vision research and display applications.
Highlights
Pictorial displays of three-dimensional (3D) information have widespread use in our society
Adding stereoscopic information to such displays yields a compelling 3D sensation and this has proven useful for medical imaging [1,2], cinema [3], television [4], and many other applications
Images arrive at the eyes with varying binocular disparity, so as the viewer looks from one point to another they must adjust the eyes' vergence
Summary
Pictorial displays of three-dimensional (3D) information have widespread use in our society. 3) Visual discomfort and fatigue occur as the viewer attempts to adjust vergence and accommodation appropriately [5,10,11]; Fig. 1e shows the range of vergenceaccommodation conflicts that can be handled without discomfort: conflicts large enough to cause discomfort are commonplace with near viewing [12,13] Because of these problems, there has been increasing interest in creating stereoscopic displays that minimize the conflict between simulated distance cues and focus cues. A stationary, switchable lens is placed in front of the eye and is synchronized to the graphic display such that each depth region in the simulated scene is presented when the lens is in the appropriate state In this way, we construct a temporally multiplexed image with correct or nearly correct focus cues. We present data on the required number of depth planes in this type of display; the data are relevant to both our technology and other ways (referenced above) of implementing focuscorrect stereo displays
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