High-Sensitivity Fiber-Optic Strain Sensor Based on the Vernier Effect and Separated Fabry–Perot Interferometers

Abstract

A high-sensitivity fiber-optic strain sensor, based on the Vernier effect and separated Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs), is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. One air-cavity FPI is used as a sensing FPI (SFPI) and another is used as a matched FPI (MFPI) to generate the Vernier effect. The two FPIs are connected by a fiber link but separated by a long section of single-mode fiber (SMF). The SFPI is fabricated by splicing a section of microfiber between two SMFs with a large lateral offset, and the MFPI is formed by a section of hollow-core fiber sandwiched between two SMFs. By using the Vernier effect, the strain sensitivity of the proposed sensor reaches $\text{1.15 nm/}\mu \varepsilon $ , which is the highest strain sensitivity of an FPI-based sensor reported so far. Owing to the separated structure of the proposed sensor, the MFPI can be isolated from the SFPI and the detection environment. Therefore, the MFPI is not affected by external physical quantities (such as strain and temperature) and thus has a very low temperature cross-sensitivity. The experimental results show that a low-temperature cross-sensitivity of $\text{0.056 } \mu \varepsilon /^ {\circ }{\text{C}}$ can be obtained with the proposed sensor. With its advantages of simple fabrication, high strain sensitivity, and low-temperature cross-sensitivity, the proposed sensor has great application prospects in several fields.