Abstract
A fiber-optic refractive index (RI) sensor using multimode interference (MMI) composed of an unclad multimode fiber (MMF) sandwiched by small-core single-mode fibers (SMFs) has been proposed and demonstrated. The small-core SMF at the input port enhances the diffraction of the light outputted to the MMF, and that at the output port provides a steep coupling characteristic of interfered light at the end of the MMF, resulting in the generation of a sharp signal. This leads to high sensitivity to small RI changes. A very high sensitivity of less than 6 × 10−6 at an RI of more than 1.35 has been realized.
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