Abstract
A novel and efficient enzymatic glucose sensor was fabricated based on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4MNPs)-modified urchin-like ZnO nanoflowers (ZnONFs). ZnONFs were hydrothermally synthesizing on a flexible PET substrate. Fe3O4MNPs were deposited on the surface of the ZnONFs by the drop-coating process. The results showed that the urchin-like ZnONFs provided strong support for enzyme adsorption. For Fe3O4MNPs, it significantly promoted the redox electron transfer from the active center of GOx to the ZnO nanoflowers beneath. More importantly, it promoted the hydrolysis of H2O2, the intermediate product of glucose catalytic reaction, and thus improved the electron yield. The sensitivity of the Nafion/GOx/Fe3O4MNPs/ZnONFs/Au/PET sensor was up to 4.52 μA·mM−1·cm−2, which was improved by 7.93 times more than the Nafion/GOx/ZnONFs/Au/PET sensors (0.57 μA·mM−1·cm−2). The detection limit and linear range were also improved. Additionally, the as-fabricated glucose sensors show strong anti-interference performance in the test environment containing organic compounds (such as urea, uric acid, and ascorbic acid) and inorganic salt (for instance, NaCl and KCl). The glucose sensor’s service life was evaluated, and it can still maintain about 80% detection performance when it was reused about 20 times. Compared with other existing sensors, the as-fabricated glucose sensor exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity and wide detection range. In addition, the introduction of Fe3O4MNPs optimized the catalytic efficiency from the perspective of the reaction mechanism and provided potential ideas for improving the performance of other enzymatic biosensors.
Highlights
Glucose is the most widely distributed and essential monosaccharide in nature, which has significant value in many fields, such as the fermentation industry, food industry, chemical industry, or material synthesis, just to mention a few [1]
The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the as-fabricated glucose sensors was tested in PBS solution
It is worth noting that the redox current of the Fe3 O4 MNPs modified working electrode was significantly higher than that of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoflowers (ZnONFs) working electrode, which indicated that the Fe3 O4 MNPs play a positive role in improving the enzyme catalytic reaction and the electrochemical performance of the working electrode
Summary
Glucose is the most widely distributed and essential monosaccharide in nature, which has significant value in many fields, such as the fermentation industry, food industry, chemical industry, or material synthesis, just to mention a few [1]. ZnO nanostructures to improve the redox electron transfer rate has become a research hotspot in recent years Metal materials such as gold [14], silver [15], platinum [16], and metal oxides materials such as NiO [17], CuO [18], and graphene [19] based materials have been introduced to prepare enzyme glucose sensors. Among the numerous methods for detecting glucose concentration, enzyme-based electrochemical glucose sensors have shown great advantages such as good selectivity, highly sensitive performance, and strong anti-interference ability. By optimizing the electrode’s micro nanostructure and introducing magnetic nanoparticles to improve the enzyme reaction principle, the enzyme glucose sensor’s performance was improved It provides a new idea for the preparation of a high-performance enzymatic glucose sensor
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