Abstract
Previous experimental studies of whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensors have indicated that microspheres with diameters ranging between 300-950 μm may have force resolutions reaching 10N [1]. In the present, we expand on the previous investigatons. Here, we carry out a systematic analysis and experiments to investigate the sensitivity, resolution and bandwidth limits of WGM-based force sensors. Expressions for WGM shifts due to applied force in the polar direction are obtained for microspheres of various dielectric materials, in the diameter range of 300-950 μm. The analyses are compared with experimental results for Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Polydimethylsyloxane (PDMS) microsphere sensors. The present analysis shows that the strain effect on WGM shifts dominate over that of mechanical stress. It also indicates that force sensitivities of the order of a 1pN are possible using hollow PDMS spheres. The sensor bandwidths (based on the mechanical properties of the sensor material alone) range between 1 kHz and 1 MHz. These results have significance also from the point of view wall shear stress since the same force sensing concept can be used for the development of high-sensitivity skin friction sensors.
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