Abstract
In this chapter, recent progress in the techniques and the applications of high-resolution electron microscopy in the study of metals and alloys is introduced. Since the construction of the first electron microscope in 1938 in Germany, many remarkable improvements have been made successfully regarding the resolving power, the theory of image formation, combination with other kinds of analyzers and the production of accessible commercial microscopes. One of the most brilliant developments among them is that of high-resolution electron microscopy, which enables us today to directly observe the atom positions in the crystal structure and lattice defect structures. It must also be noted that the high-resolution technique is strongly coupled with the theory of microscope image formation of materials based on the theory of electron scattering and diffraction and that, as in other fields of science, computer image simulations are commonly used and compared with extremely enlarged photographic images.
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