Abstract
We focus on a control of generation of high-quality ion beam. In this study, near-critical density plasmas are employed and are illuminated by high intensity short laser pulses; we have successfully generated high-energy ions by multiple-stages acceleration. We performed particle-in-cell simulations in this paper. Near-critical density plasmas are employed at the proton source and also in the post acceleration. A beam bunching method is also proposed to control the ion beam length. Intense short-pulse lasers are now available. Based on the new laser technology, new acceleration mechanisms have been proposed by using the laser pulse, as an alternative of the conventional accelerator. However, there are issues in the laser particle acceleration method: the issues includes a lack of controllability for particle beam quality and for the particle energy. These issues should be addressed toward a realistic laser particle accelerator. In this study we focus a high-quality laser proton beam generation. In the laser ion acceleration, first target electrons are kicked by the incoming intense laser pulse, and form an electron cloud at the target surfaces. The target substrate becomes positively charged, and a strong electric field is created at the target surfaces. At the target rear surface, if source ions are located there, the ions are accelerated. This ion acceleration mechanism is called as the TNSA (Target Normal Sheath Acceleration). In TNSA, the acceleration electric field is normal to the target surface. The TNSA is widely used for the ion source. When the target is a under-dense-gas target, a laser would penetrate the gas plasma target with a lower speed than the speed of light c in vacuum. When the intense laser illuminates the gas plasma target, electrons are also accelerated and propagate in the plasma. Then the strong electron current is generated, and a strong magnetic field is generated. At the increase phase of the strong magnetic
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