High-precision indoor three-dimensional localization scheme based on visible light communication using modified fruit fly optimization algorithm

Abstract

Recently, indoor positioning system (IPS) based on visible light communication (VLC) has gradually become a hot research topic. However, many existing indoor localization schemes based on VLC only provide solutions of positioning on a two-dimensional plane. Some IPSs-based VLC that focus on three-dimensional (3-D) positioning usually contain various sensors or use complex algorithms. A high-precision indoor 3-D localization scheme based on VLC using modified fruit fly optimization algorithm (MFOA) is proposed. Since it is difficult to directly calculate the coordinate of PD receiver in 3-D positioning problem, we transform the 3-D positioning problem into a global optimization problem and design the corresponding fitness function according to the Lambertian radiation pattern, which can achieve a higher accuracy and reduce system complexity. By changing the structure of fly group in the traditional fruit fly optimization algorithm and designing an adaptive search scope, the MFOA is obtained to solve the positioning problem, which leads to a nice positioning effect. With a good convergence performance, our simulation shows an average error of 0.76 cm within 20 iterations in an indoor space of 4 m × 4 m × 6 m, and most 3-D positioning errors are <1.85 cm, which shows a good positioning performance. Therefore, our indoor localization scheme has a potential value in the actual practice of indoor localization.