Abstract
Improving the solubility of conductive polymers to facilitate processing usually decreases their conductivity, and they suffer from poor cycling stability due to swelling-shrinking during charging cycles. We circumvent these problems with a novel preparation method for nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) enhanced polyacrylic acid/polyaniline (NG-PAA/PANI) composites, ensuring excellent processibility for scalable production. The content of PANI is maximized under the constraint of still allowing defect-free coatings on filaments of carbon cloth (CC). The NG content is then adjusted to optimize specific capacitance. The optimal CC electrodes have 32 wt.% PANI and 1.3 wt.% NG, thus achieving a high capacitance of 521 F/g at 0.5 F/g. A symmetric supercapacitor made from 20 wt.% PANI CC electrodes has more than four times the capacitance (68 F/g at 1 A/g) of previously reported flexible capacitors based on PANI-carbon nanotube composites, and it retains the full capacitance under large bending angles. The capacitor exhibits high energy and power densities (5.8 Wh/kg at 1.1 kW/kg), a superior rate capability (still 81% of the 1 A/g capacitance at 10 A/g), and long-term electrochemical stability (83.2% retention after 2000 cycles).
Highlights
Increases with the conductivity, but the solubility decreases again[20]
Symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitors made from two Carbon cloth (CC) electrodes impregnated with N-doped graphene (NG)-Polyacrylic acid (PAA)/PANI having only 20% PANI already reach a capacitance of 68 F/g at 1 A/g, which is 13 times larger than previously reported capacitors based on a similar PAA/PANI composite[24], and more than four times larger than reported flexible capacitors with PANI-carbon nanotube composites[31]
We maximize the addition of NPs under the constraint of still allowing defect free covers around the CC fibers
Summary
Inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) like carbon nanotubes into conducting polymers is an effective way to enhance both the mechanical and electrochemical properties. Carbon cloth (CC) is an inexpensive, conducting textile and an excellent current collector as well as high surface area support. It is highly flexible yet has excellent strength[27,28,29]. The present work reports a novel method for preparing NG-doped polyacrylic acid/polyaniline (NG-PAA/PANI) composites obtaining excellent processibility for defect-free, highly flexible carbon fiber coatings, ensuring stable electrochemical properties. Symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitors made from two CC electrodes impregnated with NG-PAA/PANI having only 20% PANI already reach a capacitance of 68 F/g at 1 A/g, which is 13 times larger than previously reported capacitors based on a similar PAA/PANI composite[24], and more than four times larger than reported flexible capacitors with PANI-carbon nanotube composites[31]
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