Abstract
The demand for high engine torques over a wide range of engine speeds requires increased variability in the air intake systems of internal combustion engines. Modern naturally aspirated engines with a two-stage switched intake runner and variable camshaft adjustment represent a very cost-effective compromise, but will face competition in the future from intake systems with increased variability. Three-stage switched intake runners have been on the market for longer [1] and the first highly-variable intake system was only recently presented [2]. This paper by Mann+Hummel, Ludwigsburg, Germany, describes the basis for variable resonance runner adjustment for intake systems taking into account the thermodynamic aspects as well as those of production feasibility.
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