Abstract
AbstractThe ubiquity of wearables, coupled with the increasing demand for power, presents a unique opportunity for fiber‐based mobile energy generator systems. However, no commercially available systems currently exist with typical problems including low energy efficiency; short cycle life; slow and expensive manufacturing; and stiff, heavy or bulky componentry that reduce wearer comfort and aesthetic appeal. Herein, a new method is demonstrated to create wearable energy generators and sensors using nanostructured hybrid polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/barium‐titanium oxide (BT) piezoelectric fibers and exploiting the enormous variety of textile architectures. Highly stretchable piezoelectric fibers based on coiled PVDF/rGO/BT fibers energy generator and sensor are developed. It is found that the coiled PVDF/ rGO/BT enables to stretch up to ≈100% strain that produces a peak voltage output of ≈1.3 V with a peak power density of 3 W Kg−1 which is 2.5 times higher than previously reported for piezoelectric textiles. An energy conversion efficiency of 22.5% is achieved for the coiled hybrid piezofiber energy generator. A prototype energy generator and sensors based on a hybrid piezofibers wearable device for energy harvesting and monitoring real time precise healthcare are demonstrated.
Highlights
The ubiquity of wearables, coupled with the increasing demand for power, 1
Stable dispersions of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in DMF facilitated their mixing with the PVDF polymer, which can be readily dissolved in DMF as well
It can be seen that the introduction of either barium-titanium oxide (BT) or rGO did not affect the formation of the PVDF films
Summary
The increased thermal stability of the rGO was caused by the high thermal conductivity of rGO, which facilitates dissipation of the thermal energy very quickly.[64] For rGO, the slight mass loss at the range of 200–400 °C is attributed to the removal of residual oxygen containing groups on rGO surfaces.[65] The higher thermal conductivity of the rGO helps to transfer heat from the GO layers to the PVDF matrix.[66] Temperature related to 5% degradation is considered as the onset of thermal degradation (T5%) Both the T5% and the temperature corresponding to 50% weight loss (T50%) increase by up to 43 and 44 °C, respectively, in the composite of PVDF/rGO/BT in comparison with pure PVDF. The residual mass for PVDF/ BT nanocomposite is 42.32% which confirms a 10% addition of BT in the composite (see supporting information for more details)
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