Abstract
DNA methylation is commonly associated with gene silencing. Recent studies have observed a significantly higher proportion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in CpG dinucleotides in certain circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) loci, as well as correlations between methylation fraction and cancer progression. Therefore, 5mC represents a cancer biomarker with great potential for liquid biopsy. The gold standard to detect 5mC is bisulfite treatment to convert unmethylated C into U, followed by quantification with methylation specific real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).
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