Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most rapidly-growing chronic diseases in the world. Acetone, a volatile organic compound in exhaled breath, shows a positive correlation with blood glucose and has proven to be a biomarker for type-1 diabetes. Measuring the level of acetone in exhaled breath can provide a non-invasive, low risk of infection, low cost, and convenient way to monitor the health condition of diabetics. There has been continuous demand for the improvement of this non-invasive, sensitive sensor system to provide a fast and real-time electronic readout of blood glucose levels. A novel nanostructured K2W7O22 has been recently used to test acetone with concentration from 0 parts-per-million (ppm) to 50 ppm at room temperature. The results revealed that a K2W7O22 sensor shows a sensitive response to acetone, but the detection limit is not ideal due to the limitations of the detection system of the device. In this paper, we report a K2W7O22 sensor with an improved sensitivity and detection limit by using an optimized circuit to minimize the electronic noise and increase the signal to noise ratio for the purpose of weak signal detection while the concentration of acetone is very low.
Highlights
Diabetes, the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, is a precursor to a heterogeneous group of disorders and is indicated by high blood glucose levels [1,2]
If we can have a device which can be a tool to screen or diagnose diabetes at a very early stage, it can prevent the population with prediabetes to develop full-scale diabetes
The advantages of using Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as diagnostic tools include being harmless to the body, convenient to carry, low cost, and non-invasive
Summary
The seventh leading cause of death in the United States, is a precursor to a heterogeneous group of disorders and is indicated by high blood glucose levels [1,2]. There are many ways to detect acetone from exhaled breath, such as: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [24,25]; selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) [26]; proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) [27]; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [28]; ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) [29,30]; laser spectroscopic techniques, including tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) [31], and cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) [32]. Our recent investigation of the sensing mechanism of KWO for acetone detection reveals that excellent room-temperature ferroelectric properties and porous nanostructure of KWO provide an effective chemiresistive reaction between high polar acetone and KWO [38] This makes KWO a promising material to detect acetone for the application of non-invasive diabetes diagnosis. The sensing performance based on the improved circuits has been presented
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