Abstract
A high-performance non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on hybrid metal-oxides is proposed. Dumbbell-shaped double-shelled hollow nanoporous CuO/ZnO microstructures (CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM) were prepared via the hydrothermal method using pluronic F-127 as a surfactant. This structure is studied by various physicochemical characterizations such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, elemental mapping techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. This unique CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM provides both a large surface area and an easy penetrable structure facilitating improved electrochemical reactivity toward glucose oxidation. The prepared CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM was used over the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as the active material for glucose detection and then coated by Nafion to provide the proposed Nafion/CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM/GCE. The fabricated glucose sensor exhibits an extremely wide dynamic range from 500 nM to 100 mM, a sensitivity of 1536.80 µA mM−1 cm−2, a low limit of detection of 357.5 nM, and a short response time of 1.60 s. The proposed sensor also showed long-term stability, good reproducibility, favorable repeatability, excellent selectivity, and satisfactory applicability for glucose detection in human serum samples. The achieved high-performance glucose sensing based on Nafion/CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM/GCE shows that both the material synthesis and the sensor fabrication methods have been promising and they can be used in future researches.
Highlights
Electronics and Chemistry researchers have to work jointly to make fast and sensitive electrochemical glucose sensors realizable
The CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM has been used as the sensing material which has been deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by using a casting procedure
A new double-shelled hollow nanoporous CuO/ZnO microstructure was successfully fabricated by a hydrothermal method, designed for non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose
Summary
Electronics and Chemistry researchers have to work jointly to make fast and sensitive electrochemical glucose sensors realizable This collaboration is vital to detect a silent killer called diabetes which might develop dangerous complications like damages in the kidney, nerves, eyes, and cardiovascular problems[1]. Most of the commercially available electrochemical glucose biosensors have been fabricated with glucose oxidase enzyme, which is the most preferred enzyme for blood glucose d etection[3,4] They have some advantages such as sensitive amperometric response, selectivity, and direct point care a ssays[4,5]. Since the electrode surface plays an important role in designing non-enzymatic glucose sensors, synthesizing more sensitive materials with new morphologies that improve all the sensor performance parameters without sacrificing any of them is currently an attractive topic of research and d evelopment[9]. Hollow structures prevent the agglomeration of nanoparticles owing to their interior voids and this helps in better accommodation of volume changes in successive electrochemical measurements[9,17−19]
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