Abstract
In this study, we designed and developed an interdigitated capacitor (IDC)-based taste sensor array to detect different taste substances. The designed taste sensing array has four IDC sensing elements. The four IDC taste sensing elements of the array are fabricated by incorporating four different types of lipids into the polymer, dioctyl phenylphosphonate (DOPP) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) to make the respective dielectric materials that are individually placed onto an interdigitated electrode (IDE) via spin coating. When the dielectric material of an IDC sensing element comes into contact with a taste substance, its dielectric properties change with the capacitance of the IDC sensing element; this, in turn, changes the voltage across the IDC, as well as the output voltage of each channel of the system. In order to assess the effectiveness of the sensing system, four taste substances, namely sourness (HCl), saltiness (NaCl), sweetness (glucose) and bitterness (quinine-HCl), were tested. The IDC taste sensor array had rapid response and recovery times of about 12.9 s and 13.39 s, respectively, with highly stable response properties. The response property of the proposed IDC taste sensor array was linear, and its correlation coefficient R2 was about 0.9958 over the dynamic range of the taste sensor array as the taste substance concentration was varied from 1 μM to 1 M. The proposed IDC taste sensor array has several other advantages, such as real-time monitoring capabilities, high sensitivity 45.78 mV/decade, good reproducibility with a standard deviation of about 0.029 and compactness, and the circuitry is based on readily available and inexpensive electronic components. The proposed IDC taste sensor array was compared with the potentiometric taste sensor with respect to sensitivity, dynamic range width, linearity and response time. We found that the proposed IDC sensor array has better performance. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to discriminate different types of taste of the mixed taste substances.
Highlights
An electronic taste sensor is a device with an array of systems that are able to detect single taste substances, as well as complex mixtures of substances
(Insent Inc., Atsugi-chi, Japan) taste sensing system, which is equipped with lipid membrane sensors; and the ASTREE [28] electronic tongue (Alpha M.O.S., Toulouse, France), which is based on chemical field effect transistor technology
Using four different types of lipid, such as oleic acid (OA), dioctyl phosphate (DOP), trioctylmethylammonium chloride (TOMA) and oleyl amine (OAm), incorporated into polyvinylchloride (PVC), dioctyl phenylphosphonate (DOPP) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), we fabricated the four dielectric materials of the interdigitated capacitor (IDC). These dielectric materials were deposited individually via spin coating onto an interdigitated electrode (IDE) in order to produce the four IDC taste sensing elements of an array
Summary
An electronic taste sensor is a device with an array of systems that are able to detect single taste substances, as well as complex mixtures of substances. (Insent Inc., Atsugi-chi, Japan) taste sensing system, which is equipped with lipid membrane sensors; and the ASTREE [28] electronic tongue (Alpha M.O.S., Toulouse, France), which is based on chemical field effect transistor technology Both of those sensing systems measure changes in the electronic potential of liquid samples. Using four different types of lipid, such as oleic acid (OA), dioctyl phosphate (DOP), trioctylmethylammonium chloride (TOMA) and oleyl amine (OAm), incorporated into polyvinylchloride (PVC), dioctyl phenylphosphonate (DOPP) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), we fabricated the four dielectric materials of the IDC These dielectric materials were deposited individually via spin coating onto an interdigitated electrode (IDE) in order to produce the four IDC taste sensing elements of an array. Our data confirmed the validity of our proposed sensor, which has the additional advantages of low fabrication cost, real-time monitoring capability and a linear sensing response over a dynamic range, while being compact and using electronic circuitry components that are readily available on the local electronics component market
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