Abstract
This paper presents a graphene-Au coated photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor in the visible regime. Designing a side-polish D-shaped plane over the PCF’s defect of the periodic air holes can effectively enhance the evanescent field. Graphene on gold can enhance the sensor’s sensitivity because it can stably adsorb biomolecules and increase the propagation constant of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP). Using the finite element method (FEM), we demonstrated that the sensing performance is greatly improved by optimizing the PCF’s geometric structural parameter. The proposed PCF sensor exhibited high performance with a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 4200 nm/RIU, maximum amplitude sensitivity of 450 RIU−1, and refractive index resolution of 2.3 × 10−5 RIU in the sensing range 1.32–1.41. This research provides a potential application for the design a new generation of highly sensitive biosensors.
Highlights
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber sensors have become a hot research topic in recent years due to their high sensitivity in detecting various biological and chemical components, and they have great applications in biomedical and life security fields
photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has a distribution of air holes in the cladding region, extending infinitely along the fiber axis, and it has a flexible structure and many excellent properties, including endless single mode, high nonlinearity, high birefringence, large mode field size, an ease of filling material, low transmission loss, controllable dispersion, and so on [8,9,10]
It is proven that PCF is capable of replacing prisms, with a smaller footprint, simpler system integration, and higher cost-effectiveness [11,12]
Summary
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber sensors have become a hot research topic in recent years due to their high sensitivity in detecting various biological and chemical components, and they have great applications in biomedical and life security fields. With the development of nanotechnology, SPR in biochemical sensing has drawn much interest from domestic and foreign scholars due to its real-time monitoring of unlabeled biological samples and high sensitivity [2,3,4,5]. PCF has a distribution of air holes in the cladding region, extending infinitely along the fiber axis, and it has a flexible structure and many excellent properties, including endless single mode, high nonlinearity, high birefringence, large mode field size, an ease of filling material, low transmission loss, controllable dispersion, and so on [8,9,10]. It is proven that PCF is capable of replacing prisms, with a smaller footprint, simpler system integration, and higher cost-effectiveness [11,12]
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