Abstract

In this report, we present an enzyme deposited Au electrode for an electrochemical measurement of acetylacetic acid (AcAc) in urine. The electrode has an immobilized layer of a mixture of D-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as sensing material to investigate its electroanalytical properties by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). The modified electrodes are used for the detection of AcAc and present a linear current increase when the AcAc concentration increases. The electrode presents a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.25 mg/dL in the range of 6.25–100 mg/dL for investigation of clinical relevance. Finally, the electrode was evaluated using 20 patient samples. The measured results of urine ketone by the developed electrode were compared with the clinical results from a commercial kit, and the analysis showed good agreement. The proposed electrode was demonstrated to be a very promising platform as a miniaturized electrochemical analyzer for point-of-care monitoring of the critical biochemical parameters such as urine ketone.

Highlights

  • Since urine has an abundance of acetylacetic acid (AcAc) and absence of 3β-HB, the developed sensor should be targeting AcAc measurement

  • AcAc absence of 3β-HB, the d multilayers, areurine composed of first an NAD+ of layer and and a mixture of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH)

  • The developed electrode has enz enzyme reaction of HBDH and NADH, and the produced 3β-HB returns to AcAc and tilayers, which are composed of first an NAD+ layer and a mixture of HBDH an NADH by action of HBDH and NAD+

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Summary

Introduction

Electrochemical biosensor has substantial attentions in terms of their superior sensitivity, quick response time, as well as their potential application of rapid online analysis [1,2,3,4]. They can analyze a wide range of analyte molecules that can be detected using the surface modification process according to the analyte of interest [5,6]. Since an oxygen electrode was first developed for detection of glucose [7], many efforts have been performed to develop different types of biosensors in order to diagnosis disease [8,9]. Electrochemical biosensors for monitoring glucose and ketone bodies have been developed as a purpose of managing the diabetic patients [10,11]

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