Highly selective complexation of metal ions by the self-tuning tetraazacalixpyridine macrocycles

Abstract

By means of UV–vis and 1H NMR titrations and X-ray crystallography, complexation of tetramethylazacalix[4]pyridine L1 and tetramethylazacalix[2]arene[2]pyridine L2 with metal ions was studied. While no interaction was observed with alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, both ligands have been found to act as powerful and selective macrocyclic hosts to complex a number of transition and heavy metal ions. Due to the intrinsic nature of the bridging nitrogen atoms that can adopt different electronic configurations and form varied degrees of conjugations with their adjacent pyridine rings, tetramethylazacalix[4]pyridine L1 regulated its conformation and cavity structure to best fit the guest metal ion species, yielding a 1:1 square planar L1–M n + complex with binding constants log K 1:1 ranging from 2.7(1) to 8.2(8).