Abstract
Given their intrinsic safety, low cost, and high energy density, aqueous zinc (Zn) batteries hold substantial promise in large-scale energy storage applications. However, Zn dendrite formation and serious side reactions in metallic Zn anodes significantly compromise the reversibility of electrochemical Zn plating/stripping, restricting their lifespan and practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate that the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated Zn anode can alleviate those issues. The PVA molecules at the Zn anode/electrolyte interface enable homogeneous Zn plating/stripping behavior by regulating the nucleation and ion diffusion barriers and effectively suppress the corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction in mildly acidic electrolytes. As a result, a highly reversible and dendrite-free Zn anode can be obtained. The content of PVA plays a critical role in governing the cycling lifetime and stability. With the optimized content of PVA, stable Zn plating/stripping with a cycling capacity of 1 mAh cm-2 over 1500 hours has been achieved at 1 mA cm-2. In contrast, the bare Zn anode showed an unstable plating/stripping behavior with obvious polarization and limited cycling lifetime. Even at a high current density of 5 mA cm-2, the PVA-coated Zn anode remained stable for 1000 cycles. The present work provides a promising strategy to stabilize Zn anodes towards long-lifespan, cost-effective, and scalable aqueous rechargeable zinc-based batteries.
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