Highly fluorescent probe for copper (II) ion based on commercially available compounds and live cell imaging

Abstract

The commercially available 2, 3-diaminophenazine, 1, 2-diamino-anthraquinone and 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (S1–S3) act as a colorimetric, fluorescent probes for selective detection of Cu2+ ions in aqueous medium over other metal ions. In presence of Cu2+, S1 shows fluorescent turn-off by the paramagnetic effect. S2 and S3 with Cu2+ ions show fluorescent turn-on due to the inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer mechanism. The fluorescent probes S1–S3 detect Cu2+ ions in aqueous solution at nanomolar levels. Theoretical calculations were employed to understand the sensing mechanism of the sensors towards Cu2+. S1, S2 and S3 were further applied for biological imaging to confirm that it can be used as a fluorescent probe for monitoring Cu2+ in living cells, and demonstrated its value in practical applications such as environmental and biological systems.