Abstract
We synthesized highly exfoliated graphite fluoride of approximate composition C 2 F by treating highly exfoliated graphite with ClF 3 . The formed material was found to be dispersible in solvents giving 1–5 layered fluorinated graphene. Dispersions successfully formed in polar organic solvents capable of establishing hydrogen bonds. The highest stability is achieved in branched alcohols such as tert-butanol. The dispersions may be further processed into thin films by vacuum filtration technique. Also, composite multilayered films of graphene fluoride and graphene may be prepared.
Highlights
Graphene, a single layer of graphite, has emerged as a new material with outstanding properties of both fundamental and practical interest
Several derivatives of graphene have been described in literature: (i) the long-known graphite oxide (GO) that disperses in solvents into individual layers[8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] and may be further treated to attach various functionalities,[16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24] and the more recently synthesized analogues of graphene – (ii) graphane[25,26,27] and (iii) fluorographene.[28,29,30,31,32]
We describe synthesis of highly exfoliated fluorographite material of composition C2F by fluorinating exfoliated graphite and its dispersion in liquid medium with formation of few-layered fluorographenes
Summary
A single layer of graphite, has emerged as a new material with outstanding properties of both fundamental and practical interest. In December 2010, liquidphase exfoliation of graphite fluoride was described.[31] This approach to exfoliation was earlier developed for fluorinated carbon nanotubes.[33] The latter synthetic strategy would be a good alternative to the consecutive graphene synthesis and fluorination. For exfoliating a layered precursor material to the state of individual layers or few-layers, it is necessary to overcome the attracting forces between adjacent layers and to further stabilize the layers This may be achieved by either covalent modification of the graphene surface by functional groups[16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24] or by non-covalent modification using specific solvents,[38,39] surfactants,[40] polymers 41 or donor-acceptor aromatic molecules.[42] The processes for producing graphene by liquid-phase have been recently reviewed by our group.[43] Usually the process of liquidphase exfoliation includes ultra-sonic treatment of a precursor in a reaction medium of choice as ultrasonic waves facilitate penetration of liquid into the layered graphene precursor and promote exfoliation. Samples were studied by Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis (SEM/EDX), Atomic
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