Abstract
Flux tube spectra are expected to have full towers of levels due to the quantization of the string vibrations. We study a spectrum of flux tubes with static quark and antiquark sources with pure gaugeSU(3) lattice QCD in 3+1 dimensions up to a significant number of excitations. To go high in the spectrum, we specialize in the most symmetric case Σg+, use a large set of operators, solve the generalized eigenvalue and compare different lattice QCD gauge actions and anisotropies.
Highlights
When confinement was proposed for quarks inside hadrons in 1964 by Gell-Mann and Zweig, the analogy with flux tubes led to a literature explosion in the quantum excitations of strings
An approximation to the flux tube spectrum is given by Effective String Theories (EST), say the Nambu-Goto model, which action is the area of the transverse bosonic string surface in time and space, S = −T
In general the excited states of the the Σ+g flux tubes are comparable to the Nambu-Goto EST with transverse modes, only depending on the string tension σ and the radial quantum number nr
Summary
To understand why there is a spectrum, we notice that if we neglect the flux tube intrinsic width, it is equivalent to a quantum string. Flux tubes and strings have been studied for a long time. Lattice QCD by Wilson in 1974 was inspired in strings. An approximation to the flux tube spectrum is given by Effective String Theories (EST), say the Nambu-Goto model, which action is the area of the transverse bosonic string surface in time and space, S = −T
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