Highly Efficient Separation/Recycling Palladium(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Silica Gel-Coated Graphene Oxide Modified with Mercapto Groups

Abstract

The separation and recovery of precious metals from secondary resources is an extremely important and challenging task. Herein, a novel sorbent is successfully prepared by chemical grafting and utilized for the extraction and separation of Pd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Various characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and element analysis, are employed to study the structure, morphology, porous nature, and chemical composition of the as-prepared SiO2@GO-SH nanocomposites. The adsorption of Pd(II) ions on the SiO2@GO-SH can be described by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption equilibrium has been attained within 90 min and the maximum adsorption capacity of 423.2 mg g−1 was attained at pH 3.5 and T = 308 K. The results reveal that SiO2@GO-SH exhibits an excellent adsorption performance towards Pd(II) ions. In addition, we have proposed the adsorption mechanism for Pd(II) ions on the SiO2@GO-SH surface. The adsorption of Pd(II) in SiO2@GO-SH is a chemisorption process, where partial adsorbed Pd(II) ions are reduced to Pd(0) by functional groups (-SH) in the SiO2@GO-SH. The results indicate that SiO2@GO-SH can serve as a promising sorbent for the efficient separation and recovery of palladium from the palladium-containing secondary resources.