Abstract
To increase active sites for Pb2+ and Cd2+ removal, MgAl-layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) was modified with carbon dots (CDs), citric acid (CA) and 3-triethoxysilylpropylamine (APTES) via a step-by-step hydrothermal method. The resultant composite (LCC-NH2) exhibited excellent removal capacity of 511.5 mg/g and 166.0 mg/g for Pb2+ and Cd2+ at 298 K, which were 6-fold and 12-fold that of MgAl-LDH. Pb2+ and Cd2+ removal fits best to the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. And thermodynamic studies indicated the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on LCC-NH2 was spontaneous. In a multifaceted metal system, LCC-NH2 still demonstrated superior removal capacity for Pb2+ and Cd2+. However, it showed greater selectivity for Pb2+ than Cd2+. The mechanism studies indicated the efficient removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ was mainly attributed to the synergistic effect encompassing isomeric substitution, chelation, and precipitation. Therefore, LCC-NH2 offers considerable potential for practical applications in environmental remediation efforts.
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