Abstract
An efficient procedure and green route has been developed by using eco-friendly green synthesized palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) as reusable heterogeneous nanocatalyst (Pd@nanocat) for the synthesis of diaryl ethers from the cross coupling reaction of the aryl halides with the phenol in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent at 110 oC under natural ligand condition capped Pd-NPs. The generated Pd-NPs were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Structural characterization of diaryl ether was done by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The nanoparticles exhibited stability, reusability with excellent catalytic activity and the results of this study demonstrate the possible application of biosynthesized Pd-NPs as heterogeneous nanocatalyst in environmental remediation. Application of the cheaper base, shorter reaction time, cost-effective, high yield and environmentally friendly make our conditions potentially useful and more suitable to other reported works, which could be amenable to scale-up.
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