Abstract
With the rapid decline of fossil fuels, various types of biofuel cells (BFCs) are being developed as an alternative energy source. BFCs based on multi-enzyme cascade reactions are utilized to extract more electrons from substrates. Thus, more power density is obtained from a single molucule of substrate. In the present study, a bioanode that could extract six electrons from a single molecule of L-proline via a three-enzyme cascade reaction was developed and investigated for its possible use in BFCs. These enzymes were immobilized on the electrode to ensure highly efficient electron transfer. Then, oriented immobilization of enzymes was achieved using two types of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). In addition, a microfluidic system was incorporated to achieve efficient electron transfer. The microfluidic system, in which the electrodes were arranged in a tooth-shaped comb, allowed for substrates to be supplied continuously to the cascade, which resulted in smooth electron transfer. Finally, we developed a high-performance bioanode which resulted in the accumulation of higher current density compared to that of a gold disc electrode (205.8 μA cm−2: approximately 187 times higher). This presents an opportunity for using the bioanode to develop high-performance BFCs in the future.
Highlights
The use of fossil fuels as an energy source in our daily lives has been experiencing a decline over the past several decades, which is cause for great concern
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We confirmed that more electron transfer occurred in a three-step reaction on a tetra-enzyme-immobilized electrode
Summary
The use of fossil fuels as an energy source in our daily lives has been experiencing a decline over the past several decades, which is cause for great concern. Friendly energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy, and hydraulic power, have been in high demand to limit the advancement of global warming. These energy sources have drawbacks, such as being dependent on the location and the weather. There has been an interest in the use of biomass and fuel cells as alternative energy sources. Biomass is a renewable organic energy source obtained from animal or plant material, while fuel cells use inorganic matter such as oxygen and hydrogen. Biofuel cells (BFCs), which use organic substances as fuel, have been developed for practical use
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