Highly efficient linear waveguide modulator based on domain-inverted electro-optic polymers

Abstract

A Y-branch waveguide directional coupler modulator based on domain-inverted electro-optic polymers is demonstrated for highly ef- ficient analog modulation. A detailed theoretical analysis is given to show its working principles based on coupled-mode theory. Domain-inverted electro-optical polymers are obtained by using a high-voltage pulsed pol- ing technique. The demonstrated domain-inverted polymers represent a promising technology for creating a new class of electro-optic modula- tors with superior performance over conventional counterparts. By using domain inversion in a Y-branch waveguide directional coupler, the poly- meric electro-optic waveguide modulator provides a highly linear modu- lation transfer curve that shows a ;100% modulation efficiency with an intermodulation distortion less than 230 dB. The demonstrated modula- tor also features a switching voltage of 10 V and an extinction ratio of 228 dB at operation wavelength of 1.32 mm. A linear modulation transfer curve and a 3-dB operating point are obtained without a bias voltage or an asymmetric device structure through a single uniform electrode.