Highly efficient holograms based on c-Si metasurfaces in the visible range.

Augusto Martins,Luiz G Neto,João P Do Carmo,Yin Wang,Ben-Hur V Borges,Juntao Li,Achiles F Da Mota,Emiliano R Martins,Fernando L Teixeira

doi:10.1364/oe.26.009573

Abstract

This paper reports on the first hologram in transmission mode based on a c-Si metasurface in the visible range. The hologram shows high fidelity and high efficiency, with measured transmission and diffraction efficiencies of ~65% and ~40%, respectively. Although originally designed to achieve full phase control in the range [0-2π] at 532 nm, these holograms have also performed well at 444.9 nm and 635 nm. The high tolerance to both fabrication and wavelength variations demonstrate that holograms based on c-Si metasurfaces are quite attractive for diffractive optics applications, and particularly for full-color holograms.

Highlights

Metasurfaces are subwavelength structures that allow control of phase, amplitude and/or polarization of light [1,2,3,4,5]
The maximum reported efficiency for a transmission metasurface hologram based on localized plasmon resonances (LPR) is about ~10% at near-infrared wavelengths [9]
It should be noted that this correction depends on several parameters related to the hologram design, such as pixel size, operating wavelength, propagation distance and image position in the reconstruction plane [43]

Summary

Introduction

Metasurfaces are subwavelength structures that allow control of phase, amplitude and/or polarization of light [1,2,3,4,5]. LPRs suffer from high losses at visible wavelengths that hinder the metasurface efficiency when operating at transmission-mode [3,9,11,12,13]. The maximum reported efficiency for a transmission metasurface hologram based on LPR is about ~10% at near-infrared wavelengths [9]. LPR-based metasurfaces do not allow full-phase control (0-2π) through resonance frequency tuning for the same polarization between incident and transmitted fields [3]. When operating in reflection mode, LPR-based metallic metasurfaces using Pancharatnam-Berry phase optical elements are not affected by these problems, resulting in diffraction efficiencies around 80% at near-infrared [10]

Methods

Results

Conclusion