Highly efficient detection of chloramphenicol in water using Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles modified laser-induced graphene electrode

Abstract

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a typical broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is still frequently detected in various water environments. In this work, a novel electrochemical sensor was developed to detect CAP in water environment by loading TiO2 modified with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto the laser-induced graphene (LIG). The Ag/CMC@TiO2/LIG electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and contact angle (CA) analysis. The mechanism of the enhancement of electrochemical signal is that the dispersion of CMC promotes the synergistic catalysis of AgNPs and TiO2NPs. The electrochemical properties of the Ag/CMC@TiO2/LIG electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The Ag/CMC@TiO2/ LIG electrode shows a low CAP detection limit of 0.007 μM and a linear response in the range of 0.01 to 100 μM. The sensor has been successfully applied to the detection of CAP in tap water and lake water with recoveries of 93.60% to 105.70% and relative standard deviations of less than 2.08%. These results provide new insights on using carbon based electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of CAP in water environment.