Highly Efficient Antibacterial and Pb(II) Removal Effects of Ag-CoFe2O4-GO Nanocomposite

Abstract

Ag-CoFe2O4-graphene oxide (Ag-CoFe2O4-GO) nanocomposite was synthesized by doping silver and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles on the surface of GO, which was used to purify both bacteria and Pb(II) contaminated water. The Ag-CoFe2O4-GO nanomaterial was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and magnetic property tests. It can be found that Ag-CoFe2O4-GO nanocomposite exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus compared with CoFe2O4, Ag-CoFe2O4, and CoFe2O4-GO composite. This superior disinfecting effect was possibly attributed to the combination of GO nanosheets and Ag nanoparticles. Several antibacterial factors including temperature, time, and pH were also investigated. It was obvious that E. coli was more susceptible than S. aureus toward all the four types of nanomaterials. The structural difference of bacterial membranes should be responsible for the resistant discrepancy. We also found that Ag-CoFe2O4-GO inactivated both bacteria in an irreversibly stronger manner than Ag-CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4-GO. The Pb(II) removal efficiency with all the nanomaterials showed significant dependence on the surface area and zeta potential of the materials. In this work, not only did we demonstrate the simultaneous superior removal efficiency of bacteria and Pb(II) by Ag-CoFe2O4-GO but also the antibacterial mechanism was discussed to have a better understanding of the interaction between Ag-CoFe2O4-GO and bacteria. In a word, taking into consideration the easy magnetic separation, bulk availability, and irreversibly high antibacterial activity of Ag-CoFe2O4-GO, it is the very promising candidate material for advanced antimicrobial or Pb(II) contaminated water treatment.