Highly Efficient and Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells With Large‐Scale Manufacture of E‐Beam Evaporated SnO2 Toward Commercialization

Abstract

In recent years, photovoltaic properties of hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have led to impressive improvement. Yet, there is still remain a challenge for large scale application and commercialization. Some of the reasons are the instability of the perovskite film and the lack of large‐scale and low‐cost manufacture techniques for electron transport layer (ETL). Tin oxide (SnO2) has emerged as a promising candidate for ETL, however, systematic exploration of its commercialized application in PSCs is still missing. Here, SnO2 ETL is prepared through an electron beam evaporation technology under low‐temperature process to realize large‐scale, low‐cost, and uniform manufacture. Hundreds of SnO2 ETL substrates can be fabricated at one time, which deserves industrial deployment. As a result, PSCs based on e‐beam evaporated SnO2 ETL and Cs‐containing blended perovskite absorber layer exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 18.2% without any interface modification. Furthermore, the PSCs demonstrate remarkable long‐term stability, which remained at 97% of its initial PCE after being stored for over 34 days. The results demonstrate the great potential of the PSCs based on e‐beam evaporated SnO2 ETLs towards commercialization.