Abstract
The beneficial use of a hole transport layer (HTL) as a substitution for poly(3,4-ethlyenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is regarded as one of the most important approaches for improving the stability and efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells by applying a GO-doped PEDOT:PSS (PEDOT:GO) film as an HTL. The high performance of this solar cell stems from the excellent optical and electrical properties of the PEDOT:GO film, including a higher electrical conductivity, a higher work function related to the reduced contact barrier between the perovskite layer and the PEDOT:GO layer, enhanced crystallinity of the perovskite crystal, and suppressed leakage current. Moreover, the device with the PEDOT:GO layer showed excellent long-term stability in ambient air conditions. Thus, the enhancement in the efficiency and the excellent stability of inverted perovskite solar cells are promising for the eventual commercialization of perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Highlights
Organic-inorganic perovskite structures have been regarded as promising next-generation optoelectronic materials due to their superior optical and electrical properties, simple solution processing, and low cost[1,2,3,4,5]
The perovskite films deposited onto PEDOT:graphene oxide (GO) composite layers and pristine PEDOT:PSS showed a similar morphology, with low root-mean-square (RMS) roughness values of 16.0 and 15.2 nm, respectively
The transmittance of the PEDOT:GO composite film between 800 and 1000 nm was excellent, which would be significant if used as an hole transport layer (HTL) for Si/ perovskite tandem solar cells
Summary
Organic-inorganic perovskite structures have been regarded as promising next-generation optoelectronic materials due to their superior optical and electrical properties, simple solution processing, and low cost[1,2,3,4,5]. The inverted perovskite solar cells based on PEDOT:PSS exhibit low open circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current (Jsc) This electrical disadvantage is due to the larger energy barrier between the perovskite and PEDOT:PSS layers, which limits charge extraction, and the poor electron blocking ability necessary for suppressing leakage current[30]. Researchers are investigating a variety of materials as replacements for PEDOT:PSS, including metal oxides and doped or solvent-treated PEDOT:PSS layers[31,32,33,34] The metal oxides, such as nickel oxide (NiOx) and Cu-doped nickel oxide (Cu:NiOx), significantly enhance carrier mobility and air stability compared to PEDOT:PSS, resulting in the improvement of the device performance and long-term stability[31,35,36]. Chen et al have reported that the use of the solvent Dimethylformamide (DMF) to treat PEDOT:PSS improves device performance by enhancing electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS and reducing surface roughness[33]. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell with the PEDOT:GO composite layer showed excellent long-term stability under ambient operating conditions
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