Abstract
How to engineer single nanocrystal to achieve multiple functions is still a huge challenge. In this work, a novel highly doped rare earth nanocrystal NaErF4@NaGdF4@NaDyF4 (Er@Gd@Dy) was designed and fabricated, which exhibits various performances by itself, including the longitudinal (T1) and transverse relaxation time (T2) double-mode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), upconversion luminescence and down-shifting luminescence. Upon irradiation of 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) light, the upconverted red light can indirectly activate the photosensitizer Ce6 conjugated on the surface of nanocrystals for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In vivo experiments demonstrate that the nanomaterials can eradicate notably primary tumors without obvious systematic toxicity. In addition, the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates of Er@Gd@Dy are 24.83 and 319.86 (mmol/L)−1/s, respectively, which are superior to those of the nanocrystals reported previously. Simultaneously, the nanocrystals have the ability to generate NIR-II light located at 1530 nm, favorable in bioimaging in deeper tissues. As a consequence, this new nanoplatform will advance the improvement of multimodal imaging guided tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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