Abstract
We report on an efficient and highly controlled cold atom hollow-core fiber interface, suitable for quantum simulation, information, and sensing. The main focus of this manuscript is a detailed study on transporting cold atoms into the fiber using an optical conveyor belt. We discuss how we can precisely control the spatial, thermal, and temporal distribution of the atoms by, e.g., varying the speed at which the atoms are transported or adjusting the depth of the transport potential according to the atomic position. We characterize the transport of atoms to the fiber tip for these different parameters. In particular, we show that by adapting the transport potential we can lower the temperature of the transported atoms by a factor of 6, while reducing the transport efficiency only by a factor 2. We can obtain a transport efficiency into the fiber of about 40% and we study the influence of the different transport parameters on the time-dependent optical depth signal inside the fiber. When comparing our measurements to the results of a classical transport simulation, we find a good qualitative agreement.
Highlights
Cold atoms are an ideal system for quantum simulation, computation, and sensing due to the high degree of control over their external as well as internal parameters
Due to a micro lensing effect of the atomic cloud [25, 26], we find that calculating the optical depth for high atomic densities is not straight forward
We have presented a detailed study on the transport of cold atoms both inside and outside a hollow-core fiber using an optical conveyor belt
Summary
Cold atoms are an ideal system for quantum simulation, computation, and sensing due to the high degree of control over their external as well as internal parameters. One possibility for an efficient atom-light interface are cold atoms inside a hollow-core fiber. Both light and atoms can overlap tightly throughout the length of the fiber and the interaction region can be several orders of magnitude larger than in free space. This increases the optical depth Dopt, which is a figure of merit for the effective light-matter interaction strength. Achievements with cold atoms in hollow-core fibers so far include ground-state electro-magnetically induced transparency [1, 2, 3], used for example for an all-optical switch [1] and for light storage [3], exciting and probing Rydberg atoms [4], precision spectroscopy [5], and atom interferometry [6]
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