Abstract
Transparent electrodes are essential components for optoelectronic devices, such as touch panels, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used as transparent electrode in optoelectronic devices. ITO has high transparency and low resistance but contains expensive rare elements, and ITO-based devices have poor mechanical flexibility. Therefore, alternative transparent electrodes with excellent opto-electrical performance and mechanical flexibility will be greatly demanded. Here, organics are introduced into dielectric–metal–dielectric structures to construct the transparent electrodes on rigid and flexible substrates. We show that organic-metal-organic (OMO) electrodes have excellent opto-electrical properties (sheet resistance of below 10 Ω sq−1 at 85% transmission), mechanical flexibility, thermal and environmental stabilities. The OMO-based polymer photovoltaic cells show performance comparable to that of devices based on ITO electrodes. This OMO multilayer structure can therefore be used to produce transparent electrodes suitable for use in a wide range of optoelectronic devices.
Highlights
The development trends of optoelectronic products such as touch panels, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells will be flexible, light weight and low-cost
OMO electrodes with the structure poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK)/Ag/PVK (PAP) and PVK/Ag/ PEDOT:PSS (PAPE) show excellent electrical and optical properties; in particular, the sheet resistance of an OMO electrode can be adjusted to below 10 Ω sq−1, and the maximum transmittance is over 85%
The OMO electrodes with the PAPE structure were successfully used in polymer PV cells, and showed characteristics comparable to those of devices based on Indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, indicating the potential for applications of OMO electrodes in rigid and flexible optoelectronic devices
Summary
Transparent electrodes are essential components for optoelectronic devices, such as touch panels, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. The development trends of optoelectronic products such as touch panels, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells will be flexible, light weight and low-cost All these devices are constructed from transparent electrodes, which must be equipped with excellent opto-electrical performance and mechanical flexibility, while compatibility with low-cost fabrication. OMO electrodes with the structure poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK)/Ag/PVK (PAP) and PVK/Ag/ PEDOT:PSS (PAPE) show excellent electrical and optical properties; in particular, the sheet resistance of an OMO electrode can be adjusted to below 10 Ω sq−1, and the maximum transmittance is over 85% They show well thermal, mechanical and environmental stabilities. Other organic semiconductors can be employed in OMO structures to produce transparent electrodes or coloured conductive films, indicating that increasing numbers of different electrodes based on organic materials with ultralow sheet resistances can be fabricated This will greatly contribute to the transparent electrodes, especially in flexible electrodes
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