High-luminosity fixed-target experiments at the LHC

C Hadjidakis ,Nodoka Yamanaka,Stanley J Brodsky,A Uras ,A Kusina ,J Wagner ,Miguel G Echevarría ,Fiorenza Donato,W Scandale ,Y I Makdisi ,G Cavoto ,D P Kikoła ,C Quintans ,A Rakotozafindrabe ,Sarah Julie Porteboeuf ,P Robbe ,A Kurepin ,Andrea Signori,J M Seixas ,C Da Silva ,F Lyonnet ,N Topilskaya ,I Hřivnáčová ,Zhi Yang ,I Schienbein ,B A Trzeciak ,Hua Shao ,A Klein ,L Massacrier ,Cédric Lorce ,E G Ferreiro ,J.p Lansberg ,A Zelenski

doi:10.22323/1.345.0041

Abstract

By extracting the beam with a bent crystal or by using an internal gas target, the multi-TeV proton and lead LHC beams allow one to perform the most energetic fixed-target experiments ever and to study $pp$, $p$d and $p$A collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=115$ GeV and Pb$p$ and PbA collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=72$ GeV with high precision and modern detection techniques. Such studies would address open questions in the domain of the nucleon and nucleus partonic structure at high-$x$, quark-gluon plasma and, by using longitudinally or transversally polarised targets, spin physics. In this paper, we will review the technical solutions to obtain a high-luminosity fixed-target experiment at the LHC and will discuss their possible implementations with the ALICE and LHCb detectors.

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