High-level cytoplasmic cyclin D1 expression in lymph node metastases from prostate cancer independently predicts early biochemical failure and death in surgically treated patients

Abstract

To test the prognostic significance of cyclin D1 in nodal-positive prostate cancer. Nuclear and cytoplasmic cyclin D1 expression was evaluated in 119 nodal-positive prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and extended lymphadenectomy. Cyclin D1 was correlated with various tumour features and biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS). In the metastases, high-level cytoplasmic cyclin D1 expression independently predicted poor outcome (5-year bRFS, 12.5% versus 26.4%, P = 0.006; 5-year DSS, 56.3% versus 80.7%, P = 0.007; 5-year OS, 56.3% versus 78.7%, P = 0.011). These patients had a 2.62-fold elevated risk of dying from prostate cancer as compared with patients with low-level cytoplasmic cyclin D1 expression (P = 0.024). All other subcellular compartments of cyclin D1 expression in primary tumours and metastases were prognostically non-significant. The subcellular location of cyclin D1 expression in prostate cancer is linked to specific clinical courses. Survival stratification according to biomarker expression in metastases indicates an important role for tumour sampling from these tissues.