Abstract
Introduction: Regular aerobic exercise is associated with better executive function in older adults. It is unclear if high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT) elicits moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or resistance training (RT). We hypothesized that HIIT would augment executive function more than MICT and RT. Methods: Sixty-nine older adults (age: 68 ± 7 years) performed six weeks (three days/week) of HIIT (2 × 20 min bouts alternating between 15 s intervals at 100% of peak power output (PPO) and passive recovery (0% PPO); n = 24), MICT (34 min at 60% PPO; n = 19), or whole-body RT (eight exercise superior improvements in executive function of older adults than moderate-intensity-continuous-training, 2 × 10 repetitions; n = 26). Cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., ) and executive function were assessed before and after each intervention via a progressive maximal cycle ergometer protocol and the Stroop Task, respectively. Results: The findings revealed a significant group by time interaction (p = 0.001) in which all groups improved following training, but HIIT and MICT improved more than RT. From pre- to post-training, no interaction in the naming condition of the Stroop Task was observed (p > 0.10). However, interaction from pre- to post-training by group was observed, and only the HIIT group exhibited a faster reaction time (from 1250 ± 50 to 1100 ± 50 ms; p < 0.001) in switching (cognitive flexibility). Conclusion: Despite similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, HIIT, but not MICT nor RT, enhanced cognitive flexibility in older adults. Exercise programs should consider using HIIT protocols in an effort to combat cognitive decline in older adults.
Highlights
Regular aerobic exercise is associated with better executive function in older adults
Our findings demonstrate that short-term HIIT has the capacity to result in meaningful improvements in executive function, whereas other frequently implemented training protocols failed to elicit such beneficial adaptations in an older population
Limited studies have evaluated the impact of engaging in higher-intensity interval training on cognition
Summary
Regular aerobic exercise is associated with better executive function in older adults It is unclear if high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT) elicits moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or resistance training (RT). Advancing age is associated with a decline in higher order cognitive processes [1] known as executive functions (EFs), which are responsible for updating, shifting, and inhibiting cognitive actions [2]. These adverse age-related changes in cognitive functions increase older individuals’ risk of developing major neurocognitive disorders and diseases (e.g., dementia and Alzheimer’s disease) [3,4]. The majority of exercise intervention studies have been conducted using moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) protocols (as reviewed by Sáez de Asteasu et al [13])
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