Abstract
Basic principles of sensing moisture content in single seeds and grain kernels are presented for high-frequency impedance measurements on a parallel-plate capacitor holding the sample and for microwave resonant cavity sensors with the sample at the center of the cavity. High-frequency impedance measurements at two frequencies permit size- and shape-independent determinations of single-kernel moisture content. Measurements of resonant frequency shift and the change in the cavity transmission factor when the sample is inserted into the cavity also permit size- and shape-independent determinations of kernel moisture content. Examples of measurements on soybeans, field corn, popcorn, peanuts, and pecans are presented with standard errors of performance well below 1% moisture content, which are judged useful for practical application.
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