Abstract
(1) Background: The replacement of diets high in saturated fat (SAFA) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is associated with better cardiovascular function and is related to the modulation of the activity of the local renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and the collagenase activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). The objective of the work was to verify the capacity of different types of dietary fat on the regulatory activities of RAS and DPP-IV. (2) Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed for 24 weeks with three different diets: the standard diet (S), the standard diet supplemented with virgin olive oil (20%) (VOO), or with butter (20%) plus cholesterol (0.1%) (Bch). The proteolytic activities were determined by fluorometric methods in the soluble (sol) and membrane-bound (mb) fractions of the left ventricle and atrium, aorta, and plasma samples. (3) Results: With the VOO diet, angiotensinase values were significantly lower than with the Bch diet in the aorta (GluAP and ArgAP (mb)), ventricle (ArgAP (mb)) and atrium (CysAP (sol)). Significant decreases in DPP-IV (mb) activity occurred with the Bch diet in the atrium and aorta. The VOO diet significantly reduced the activity of the cardiac damage marker LeuAP (mb) in the ventricle and aorta, except for LeuAP (sol) in the ventricle, which was reduced with the Bch diet. (4) Conclusions: The introduction into the diet of a source rich in MUFA would have a beneficial cardiovascular effect on RAS homeostasis and cardiovascular functional stability.
Highlights
The high consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) has been associated with most of the epidemiological evidence during the last decades, especially the sources of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and cholesterol have been associated with an increased risk of suffering a series of medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD); these results do not extend to other types of lipid sources [1]
To know how the type of fat in the diet affected the angiotensinase activities that were derived from the classic renin–angiotensin system (RAS) route, the activities that were studied are represented in the following scheme in green, following the order of action of each angiotensinase based on its precursors and metabolic products (Figure 1)
Our results show that together with the marked decrease in the RAS activity of the virgin olive oil diet (VOO) diet compared with the butter cholesterol cholesterol diet (Bch) diet, in addition, the VOO diet presented normal values of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity in the atrium and aorta, but they were significantly lower with the diet Bch
Summary
The high consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) has been associated with most of the epidemiological evidence during the last decades, especially the sources of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and cholesterol have been associated with an increased risk of suffering a series of medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD); these results do not extend to other types of lipid sources [1]. The reduction in SAFA in substitution by MUFA attenuates the increase in blood pressure (BP) [4] These alterations, depending on the degree of fatty acid saturation, are related to changes in the systemic or local renin–angiotensin systems (RAS) [5,6,7,8,9,10]. The activation of the RAS participates in the development of MetS, heart failure [11], and pathophysiology of hypertension [4,7,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25] Within these local RAS, the type of fatty acids consumed with the diet allows modifying various enzymes of the aminopeptidase
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