Higher-order cumulants and correlation functions of proton multiplicity distributions in sNN=3 GeV Au+Au collisions at the RHIC STAR experiment

M S Abdallah,S Lan,I Vassiliev,L Adamczyk,A Gibson,Z J Zhang,H J Crawford,E P Sichtermann,A Mukherjee,A Kiselev,A G Knospe,S K Tripathy,B Pawlik,A Ewigleben,Q Hu,P Chaloupka,X Liu,X Li,J H Lee,D Wielanek,I Chakaberia,H Caines,J Putschke,R Fatemi,P Seyboth,Y Wang,H Wieman,T J Humanic,R Pak,J Seger,Y H Leung,X Chen,A Dhamija,B Stringfellow,S Esumi,T Galatyuk,A Bhasin,D Grosnick,R Sharma,V Verkest,I Mooney,F M Fawzi,D Isenhower,N Schmitz,T Liu,A S Nunes,J L Drachenberg,H S Ko,L Didenko,J D Brandenburg,A K Sahoo,I Aggarwal,V Bairathi,Z Wang,A S Nain,M D Harasty,C Zhang,M Robotkova,N K Pruthi,Y Liu,Y Xu,X Liang,E Duckworth,W Li,M A Lisa,N Herrmann,P Dixit,M Stefaniak,R Sikora,S Yang,M M Aggarwal,D Kincses,J H Chen,B K Chan,D Neff,G Xie,R E Tribble,D Kapukchyan,S S Shi,Z Li,M Posik,D M Anderson,W Solyst,A Chatterjee,W W Jacobs,X Dong,I M Deppner,J K Adkins,J R Adams,B Srivastava,G D Westfall,W J Llope,L Holub,J Engelage,P Sinha,L Kumar,K Yip,M L Kabir,H Liu,S Choudhury,Q Yang,M Csanád,S Kabana,Q H Xu,J L Romero,X Z Cai,D Y Shen,M Isshiki,N Smirnov,E G Judd,K Nayak,A R Timmins,Z Chen,W He,K Jiang,D Cebra,N Shah,R Reed,Y Wu,T Tarnowsky,Z Zhang,G Mcnamara,B S Page,D Zhang,K Gopal,A Francisco,J Adam,J M Landgraf,X Wu,H Zbroszczyk,O D Tsai,L Ma,K Shen,K Okubo,C Markert,C Sun,Y Shi,A Pandav,P Bhagat,N Raha,F Videbæk,C A Tomkiel,B Xi,J Atchison,K Kang,I Kisel,D Chen,X Ju,Y Sun,C Li,S Singha,T Shao,D Mallick,R Nishitani,Y Fisyak,S Kagamaster,O Evdokimov,B R Pokhrel,J Lauret,T Pani,T Huang,Z Ye,C Hu,R Witt,S He,S Fazio,M Zhao,M Daugherity,A H Tang,C Zhou,Z W Sweger,M I Nagy,R Seto,T Protzman,C Jin,Y Li,Y V Khyzhniak,J S Wang,J W Harris,Z Xu,J Pluta,J Chen,M Calderón De La Barca Sánchez,W Baker,H S Matis,C Racz,X Sun,C Perkins,D Keane,I Upsal,B Kimelman,L Yi,B Surrow,N Magdy,P V Shanmuganathan,H G Ritter,Z Chang,S Mioduszewski,J Zhao,A Quintero,C A Gagliardi,M Nie,E Loyd,Y Huang,D Kalinkin,S Trentalange,O Eyser,R L Ray,W Zha,H Harrison,Z Ahammed,Y Hu,J Porter,D P Kikoła,X Wang,L Ruan,B Mohanty,A Hamed,H Qiu,R S Longacre,L K Kosarzewski,J M Nelson,H W Ke,G Wang,P Wang,Z Tu,G Van Buren,R Bellwied,J C Dunlop,Y Söhngen,T D S Stanislaus,M Kelsey,S Harabasz,M Shao,Z Yan,D B Nemes,K Kauder,B E Aboona,S Margetis,Y Lin,T Nonaka,Y Ji,A Ogawa,R Kunnawalkam Elayavalli,Y Zhang,T Ullrich,X Huang,W Guryn,T Todoroki,D Tlusty,T Truhlar,P Tribedy,J Zhang,W Christie,S A Voloshin,Y Song,J C Webb,J H Kwasizur,A Gupta,R Licenik,X Chu,Md Nasim,A K Pandey,W B Schmidke,M Zyzak,A I Sheikh,H Sako,Y Feng,S Salur,F Liu,G Eppley,Y Liang,W Xie,J Pan,J D Nam,C Yang,E C Aschenauer,J Jia,D G Underwood,A Jentsch,A Paul,A A P Suaide,L Di Carlo,J Cheng,R Lacey,C Fu,M M Mondal,Y Yu,V Prozorova,D Roy,S Heppelmann,N S Lukow,H Z Huang,C Jena,Y Cheng,A Lebedev,N Xu,H Xu,F Wang,J H Thomas,B A Trzeciak,M J Skoby,R Ma,G Odyniec,P C Weidenkaff,S W Wissink,S Zhang,E Finch,S K Radhakrishnan,X Gou,T Niida,Z Tang,C Y Tsang,Somadutta Bhatta ,Yu Zhou ,T Ljubičić ,X Luo ,Yi Yang ,X He ,Feng Zhao ,Eric A Hoffman ,J B Singh ,F J M Geurts ,P Chowdhury ,J Bielčík ,J Vaněk ,F Seck ,P Szymański ,D Pawłowska ,L Kramárik ,J Bielčíková ,Yan Gao ,M Przybycień ,C Feng ,Xinmei Zhu ,Yi Fei Han ,Xiao Zhang ,M Šumbera ,David J Stewart ,Nirmal Ghimire ,Sanjeev Kumar ,Y G ,Q Shou ,Jin Wu ,J Mazer ,Susumu Sato ,J Ball ,Jing Zhou ,Tingting Lu ,S Huang ,N Sahoo ,Z H Qin ,K N Barish ,S B Oh ,M Żurek ,N A Lewis ,T H Lin ,Yang He

doi:10.1103/physrevc.107.024908

Abstract

We report a measurement of cumulants and correlation functions of event-by-event proton multiplicity distributions from fixed-target Au+Au collisions at sNN = 3 GeV measured by the STAR experiment. Protons are identified within the rapidity (y) and transverse momentum (pT) region −0.9<y<0 and 0.4<pT<2.0 GeV/c in the center-of-mass frame. A systematic analysis of the proton cumulants and correlation functions up to sixth order as well as the corresponding ratios as a function of the collision centrality, pT, and y are presented. The effect of pileup and initial volume fluctuations on these observables and the respective corrections are discussed in detail. The results are compared to calculations from the hadronic transport UrQMD model as well as a hydrodynamic model. In the most central 5% collisions, the value of proton cumulant ratio C4/C2 is negative, drastically different from the values observed in Au+Au collisions at higher energies. Compared to model calculations including lattice QCD, a hadronic transport model, and a hydrodynamic model, the strong suppression in the ratio of C4/C2 at 3 GeV Au+Au collisions indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions.13 MoreReceived 28 September 2022Accepted 5 December 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.107.024908©2023 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasParticle correlations & fluctuationsQCD phase transitionsRelativistic heavy-ion collisionsNuclear Physics

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