Abstract
As a novel green technology to harvest electric power, electrokinetic batteries appeal to more theoretical investigation in order to optimize their physical parameters, and hence to achieve higher energy conversion efficiency at nanoscales as expected. Generally, transport phenomena at nanoscales are out of the scope of continuum fluid mechanics theories. In addition, the electric double layer (EDL) requires a more comprehensive description incorporating image effect and ion size effect. In this study, the higher-order Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the modified Poisson-Boltzmann theory (MPB) are used to investigate electrokinetic phenomena in nanochannels. Energy conversion is studied in terms of ion size, and dielectric properties of liquid and solid. 24.95% mechanical-electrical energy conversion efficiency may be achieved in a 16 nm electrokinetic battery. And hence about 6% mechanical energy can be utilized by the external load of the electrokinetic nanobattery.
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