Abstract
We calculate several diagonal and non-diagonal fluctuations of conserved charges in a system of 2+1+1 quark flavors with physical masses, on a lattice with size 483 × 12. Higher order fluctuations at μB = 0 are obtained as derivatives of the lower order ones, simulated at imaginary chemical potential. From these correlations and fluctuations we construct ratios of net-baryon number cumulants as functions of temperature and chemical potential, which satisfy the experimental conditions of strangeness neutrality and proton/baryon ratio. Our results qualitatively explain the behavior of the measured cumulant ratios by the STAR collaboration.
Highlights
To finite density is the analytical continuation from imaginary chemical potentials [12,13,14,15,16]
The agreement between the analytical continuation and Taylor expansion was shown for the transition temperature with physical quark masses by Bonati et al in ref. [17]
The chemical potentials for electric charge and strangeness have both been set to zero in the simulations
Summary
Due to the Z(3) symmetry of the gauge sector, there is a non-trivial periodicity in the imaginary quark chemical potential μq → μq +i(2π/3)T , which translates to the baryochemical potential as μB → μB + i2πT , the Roberge-Weiss symmetry. This is independent of the charge conjugation symmetry μB ↔ −μB. For physical quark masses one obtains TRW = 208(5) MeV, and the scaling around the endpoint is consistent with the Ising exponents [35] This implies that, for physical parameters, the transition is limited to μB = iπT without any other structures between the imaginary interval [0, iπ) [33]. In an recent study D’Elia et al have used the low order fluctuations at imaginary chemical potentials to calculate generalized quark number susceptibilities [27]
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