Higher levels of HIV DNA in memory and naive CD4 + T cell subsets of viremic compared to non-viremic patients after 18 and 24 months of HAART

Abstract

The degree of infection of memory and naive CD4 + T cells in patients treated with HAART and with durable undetectable or detectable viral load in plasma was evaluated. The following two groups of patients were analyzed cross-sectionally: (i) patients with undetectable HIV RNA plasma levels during follow-up (responders); (ii) patients with no reduction or with rebound in HIV RNA levels during treatment (non-responders). Patients were examined following 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of HAART, respectively, by quantifying: (i) plasma HIV RNA load; (ii) CD4 + T cells; (iii) memory and naive CD4 + T cells; (iv) HIV DNA levels in memory and naive CD4 + T cells. HIV RNA plasma levels were significantly higher in non-responders vs responders at each time point ( P<0.02), while CD4 + T cell counts as well as memory and naive CD4 + T cell levels were comparable in both viremic and non-viremic patients. However, higher HIV DNA values were observed in both memory and naive CD4 + T cells of non-responders vs responders after 18 and 24 months of HAART ( P<0.02), suggesting an increased amount of HIV-infected naive CD4 + T cells and a sustained high degree of infection of memory CD4 + T cells. Immunological reconstitution following HAART might potentially be hampered in viremic patients despite the absolute increase in CD4 + T cell counts.