Higher fiber intake is associated with lower blood pressure levels in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Mileni Vanti Beretta,Ticiana C. Rodrigues,Ciglea Nascimento,Fernanda R. Bernaud,Thais Steemburgo

doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000008

Mileni Vanti Beretta, Ticiana C. Rodrigues + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000008

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Abstract

Objective The present investigation sought to evaluate the potential association between dietary fiber intake and blood pressure (BP) in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 111 outpatients with T1D from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Patients were predominantly male (56%) and white (88%), with a mean age of 40 ± 10 years, diabetes duration of 18 ± 9 years, BMI 24.8 ± 3.85 kg/m2, and HbA1c 9.0 ± 2.0%. After clinical and laboratory evaluation, dietary intake was evaluated by 3-day weighed-diet records, whose reliability was confirmed by 24-h urinary nitrogen output. Patients were stratified into two groups according to adequacy of fiber intake in relation to American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations: below recommended daily intake (< 14g fiber/1000 kcal) or at/above recommended intake (≥ 14g/1000 kcal). Results Patients in the higher fiber intake group exhibited significantly lower systolic (SBP) (115.9 ± 12.2 vs 125.1 ± 25.0 mmHg, p = 0.016) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (72.9 ± 9.2 vs 78.5 ± 9.3 mmHg, p = 0.009), higher energy intake (2164.0 ± 626.0 vs 1632.8 ± 502.0 kcal, p < 0.001), and lower BMI (24.4 ± 3.5 vs 26.2 ± 4.8, p = 0.044). Linear regression modelling, adjusted for age, energy intake, sodium intake, and BMI, indicated that higher fiber intake was associated with lower SBP and DBP levels. No significant between-group differences were observed with regard to duration of diabetes, glycemic control, insulin dosage, or presence of hypertension, nephropathy, or retinopathy. Conclusion We conclude that fiber consumption meeting or exceeding current ADA recommendations is associated with lower SBP and DBP in patients with T1D.

Highlights

There were no significant differences between the lower and higher fiber intake groups in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, duration of diabetes, physical activity level, or alcohol consumption
A similar, significant difference was found regarding antihypertensive therapy: fewer patients were on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the higher fiber intake group than in the lower fiber intake group (11.5% vs 20.8%, p < 0.001)
The present study demonstrated an association between increased dietary fiber intake and lower blood pressure (BP) levels in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D)

Summary

Introduction

Intake of fiber from natural dietary sources, such as whole grains, fruits, and pulses, appears to have a beneficial effect on BP and on serum cholesterol levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) [6,7]. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a potential association between dietary fiber intake (in accordance with American Diabetes Association recommendations) and BP levels in adults with T1D. There were no significant differences between the lower and higher fiber intake groups in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, duration of diabetes, physical activity level, or alcohol consumption.

Results

Conclusion