Higher Education Reform During and After Armed Conflict

Abstract

Since its independence the political situation in the Republic of Sudan is characterised by instability and constant armed conflicts between the central government and different peripheral regions. The longest civil war in Sudan was the one between the central government and rebel groups in Southern Sudan. The first civil war between North and South started on the eve of independence in 1956 and ended in 1972 with the Addis Ababa Peace agreement. As part of the peace agreement, a regional government and a university were established in Southern Sudan. However, only eleven years later, due to the abrogation of the agreement by the central government, a new civil war erupted between the central government and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM). This second civil war ended in January 2005 with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) between the ruling National Congress Party (NCP) and the SPLM. The CPA was followed by elections in April 2010 and a referendum on independence in 2011. After the Southern Sudanese overwhelmingly opted for independence in January 2011, Southern Sudan has become the 54th state in Africa in July 2011.KeywordsHigh EducationHigh Education SystemGovernance RegimeHigh Education ReformExternal GuidanceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.