Abstract
Abstract This chapter examines the historical development of higher education in Malaysia. The six decades of higher education since Malaya gained its independence from the British are divided into four phases of development: autonomous, nationalism, liberalization, and neoliberalism. Each of these phases have distinctive characteristics as well as critical issues that have shaped higher education in Malaysia, including: access and equity relating to participation, ethnicity and gender, academic freedom and institutional autonomy, controversy surrounding language and medium of instruction in a multi-ethnic society, privatization that expediated the growth of higher education, and multiple dimensions of internationalization. Recognizing the past and present social-political-economic influences, the chapter concludes by arguing that the next phase of development should bring the focus back on the purpose, role, and function of education and academic research to the betterment of the Malaysian society and humankind.
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