Abstract
The relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) is unclear; therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current published literature was conducted. Relevant studies published online (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) until February 1, 2021 were identified for review. The initial search yielded 13 reports, and after perusing their titles, abstracts, and full texts, 5 studies were deemed appropriate for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Individuals with higher DII scores (representing a more proinflammatory diet) had a higher risk of DM (pooled odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.72, I2 58.6%, p < 0.05). Although the current meta-analysis indicated a trend toward a positive association between DII and DM, further evidence—especially from larger prospective studies in different countries—is needed to clarify this association.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global epidemic that affects millions of people worldwide
Multiple factors may contribute to the development of DM, and among them, chronic inflammation is widely considered an underlying pathophysiological mechanism involved in the development of DM [1]
Studies suggest that multiple factors that affect inflammation may be associated with DM, such as sex, age, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, the application of some medications, and diet [2]
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global epidemic that affects millions of people worldwide. Studies suggest that multiple factors that affect inflammation may be associated with DM, such as sex, age, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, the application of some medications, and diet [2]. Abbreviation: DII, dietary inflammatory index; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; IR, insulin resistance; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa scale; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; WPD, western pattern diet; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate-1; SOCS-3, suppressor of cytokine signaling-3; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; WOSCOPS, West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study; HEI, Healthy Eating Index; AHEI, Alternative Healthy Eating Index; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; MDI, Mediterranean Dietary Index; LPL, low-density lipoprotein. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Diabetes [3,4,5], but the degree to which modulating diet can have desirable effects in DM is unclear. It is important to clarify relationships between diet, inflammation, and DM
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