Abstract
BackgroundIn the current meta-analysis, we aimed to systematically review and summarize the eligible studies evaluating the association between dietary acid load in terms of potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net-endogenous acid production (NEAP) with anthropometric parameters and serum lipids in adult population.MethodsIn a systematic search from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Cochrane electronic databases up to December 2018, relevant studies were included. Cross-sectional, case control or cohort studies evaluating the association between PRAL and NEAP with the mean values of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL, HDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and the prevalence of obesity were included.ResultsAccording to our results, having higher dietary acid load content in terms of high PRAL scores was associated with higher triglyceride concentrations (weighted mean difference (WMD): 3.468; confidence interval (CI): -0.231, 7.166, P = 0.04) and higher obesity prevalence (30% and 27% in highest versus lowest categories). Accordingly, being in the highest category of NEAP was associated with higher prevalence of obesity (25% and 22% in highest versus lowest category). In subgroup analysis, higher PRAL scores was associated with higher BMI in women (WMD: 0.122; CI: -0.001, 0.245; P = 0.049) and higher NEAP in men (WMD: 0.890; CI: 0.430, 1.350; P < 0.001). There was no association between dietary acid load and other studied parameters.ConclusionsIn the current meta-analysis, high dietary acid load content was associated with higher serum triglyceride concentrations and higher obesity prevalence. Reducing dietary acid load content might be a useful preventive strategy against obesity and metabolic disorders.
Highlights
Overweight and obesity, defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in the body, is a major growing epidemic health problem; according to the world health organization report, since 1975, the worldwide obesity has nearly tripled and in 2016, more than 1.9 billion and over 650 million of adults were overweight and obese comprising 39% and 13% respectively [1]
Cross-sectional, case control or cohort studies evaluating the association between potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net-endogenous acid production (NEAP) with the mean values of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL, HDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and the prevalence of obesity were included
According to our results, having higher dietary acid load content in terms of high PRAL scores was associated with higher triglyceride concentrations (weighted mean difference (WMD): 3.468; confidence interval (CI): -0.231, 7.166, P = 0.04) and higher obesity prevalence (30% and 27% in highest versus lowest categories)
Summary
Overweight and obesity, defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in the body, is a major growing epidemic health problem; according to the world health organization report, since 1975, the worldwide obesity has nearly tripled and in 2016, more than 1.9 billion and over 650 million of adults were overweight and obese comprising 39% and 13% respectively [1]. The dietinduced acid load is estimated according to potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net-endogenous acid production (NEAP) according to information about ingested protein, potassium, calcium, phosphorous and magnesium [11]. While no study is available summarizing the association between dietary acid load either as PRAL or NEAP with obesity indices, prevalence and serum lipids status. In the current meta-analysis we summarize the results of studies evaluated the association between PRAL of NEAP with general or central obesity indices (e.g. BMI, WC, WHR), obesity prevalence, serum lipids including TG, TC, LDL, HDL in an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. In the current meta-analysis, we aimed to systematically review and summarize the eligible studies evaluating the association between dietary acid load in terms of potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net-endogenous acid production (NEAP) with anthropometric parameters and serum lipids in adult population
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